Cave Formation Calculator
Cave Formation Calculator Scientifically accurate speleogenesis calculator based on breakthrough time models by Dreybrodt (1996), Palmer (1991), and Audra & Palmer (2011–2015). Initial Fracture Aperture (mm) Typical values: 0.1–1 mm Temperature (°C) Soil CO₂ (atm) Initial Ca²⁺ Concentration (mg/L) Hydraulic Gradient (i) Target Passage Diameter (m) Calculate Cave Formation Time Cave Formation Results […]
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