Lorentzian Profile Calculator Frequency / Wavelength Offset (x) Half-Width at Half-Maximum (γ or HWHM) Line Center (x₀) – optional Calculate Lorentzian Profile Result About the Lorentzian Profile Calculator The Lorentzian Profile Calculator is a precise, scientifically accurate tool that computes the normalized Lorentzian Profile (also known as the Cauchy-Lorentz distribution) — the standard […]
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Voigt Profile Calculator Frequency Offset (x) Gaussian Width (σ) Lorentzian Width (γ) Calculate Voigt Profile Result About the Voigt Profile Calculator The Voigt Profile Calculator is a precise scientific tool that computes the normalized Voigt Profile — the convolution of a Gaussian and a Lorentzian distribution — using the Faddeeva function (complex error
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Doppler Broadening Calculator Interactive Doppler Broadening & Thermal Line Profile Calculator Compute Gaussian spectral line profiles due to thermal motion in gases – essential for spectroscopy and astrophysics Element / Transition Hα – Hydrogen 656.28 nmNa D₂ – Sodium 588.995 nmCa II K – Calcium 393.366 nmMg b – Magnesium 518.36 nmO I – Oxygen
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Spectral Line Calculator Hydrogen Atom Spectral Line Calculator & Balmer/Rydberg Series Visualizer Calculate exact wavelengths of hydrogen spectral lines using the Rydberg formula with scientific precision Element Hydrogen (H)Helium+ (He⁺)Lithium²⁺ (Li²⁺) Spectral Series Lyman Series (UV)Balmer Series (Visible)Paschen Series (IR)Brackett Series (Far IR)Pfund Series (Deep IR) Lower Energy Level (n₁) Upper Energy Level (n₂) Calculate
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Kirchhoff’s Law Calculator Circuit Analysis Type Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) – Node AnalysisKirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) – Loop AnalysisCombined KCL + KVL (Full Circuit) Currents Entering Node (A) – comma separated Currents Leaving Node (A) – comma separated Unknown Current (leave blank to solve) Voltage Sources in Loop (V) – + for rise,
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Scattering Cross Section Calculator Scattering Regime Rayleigh Scattering (x << λ)Mie Scattering (x ≈ λ)Geometric Optics (x >> λ)Radar Cross Section (RCS) Particle Radius a (m, μm, nm) Wavelength λ (m, μm, nm) Refractive Index of Particle (real part m) Imaginary Part of Refractive Index (k, absorption) Size Parameter: x = 2πa/λ | Rayleigh: x
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Absorption Coefficient Calculator Known Parameter Transmittance (T = I/I₀)Intensity Ratio (I/I₀)Absorbance (A = -log₁₀T)Optical Depth (τ) Transmittance T (0 to 1) Path Length x (m, cm, mm, or μm) Unit of Path Length meters (m)centimeters (cm)millimeters (mm)micrometers (μm) Beer-Lambert Law: I = I₀ × e⁻ᵅˣ → α = −ln(T)/x Where α is the linear absorption
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Convective Heat Calculator Convection Type Forced ConvectionNatural (Free) Convection Geometry Circular Pipe / Tube (Internal Flow)Flat PlateCylinder in Cross FlowSphere Reynolds Number (Re) Prandtl Number (Pr) Geometry Vertical PlateHorizontal Plate – Hot Surface UpHorizontal Plate – Hot Surface DownHorizontal Cylinder Rayleigh Number (Ra) Surface Area A (m²) Temperature Difference ΔT = |Ts −
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Rayleigh Number Calculator Input Mode: Quick Mode: Select Fluid & ConditionsAdvanced Mode: Manual Input Select Fluid: Air at 20°C (Room Temperature)Air at 100°CWater at 20°CWater at 60°CWater at 100°CEngine Oil (SAE 30) at 20°CGlycerin at 20°C Temperature Difference ΔT = |Ts – T∞| (K or °C): Characteristic Length L (m): Gravity g (m/s²):
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Grashof Number Calculator Input Mode: Manual InputSelect Fluid & Temperature Acceleration due to Gravity g (m/s²): Thermal Expansion Coefficient β (1/K): Temperature Difference ΔT = |Ts – T∞| (K or °C): Characteristic Length L (m): Kinematic Viscosity ν (m²/s): Select Fluid: Air at 20°CAir at 100°CWater at 20°CWater at 60°CEngine Oil at 20°CGlycerin
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