Hall Effect Calculator
V_H, n, μ_H, Carrier Type
Enter current, B-field, thickness, conductivity to compute Hall voltage and carrier properties.
Hall Effect Results
Hall Voltage V_H = — mV
Hall Coefficient R_H = — cm³/C
Carrier Density n = — cm⁻³
Hall Mobility μ_H = — cm²/V·s
Carrier Type = —
The Hall Effect Calculator is a scientifically accurate, interactive tool that computes **Hall voltage (V_H)**, **Hall coefficient (R_H)**, **carrier density (n)**, **Hall mobility (μ_H)**, and **carrier type** using the **classical Hall effect** in the low-field limit. It determines whether a material is **n-type** or **p-type** from voltage sign. Ideal for **conductive polymers**, **thin films**, **sensors**, and **smart mulch electronics**. Characterize charge transport with lab precision. Explore sensor materials at Agri Care Hub.
What is the Hall Effect?
The **Hall effect** is the generation of a transverse voltage in a current-carrying conductor under a perpendicular magnetic field:
Where I = current, B = field, n = carrier density, q = charge, d = thickness. Learn more on Hall Effect Wikipedia.
Scientific Foundation: Hall Coefficient
Hall coefficient:
Sign: negative for electrons, positive for holes. Hall mobility:
Importance of Hall Effect
Critical for:
- Carrier type: n or p
- Density: Doping level
- Mobility: Transport quality
- Sensors: Magnetic field detection
In agriculture, **Hall sensors in mulch** detect **soil compaction** — a focus at Agri Care Hub.
User Guidelines
Steps:
- Enter I (mA), B (T), d (μm), σ (S/cm)
- Select V_H sign
- Click “Calculate Hall Effect”
Use thin samples for accuracy
When and Why to Use
Use when you need to:
- Characterize PANI film
- Determine CNT doping
- Build magnetic sensor
- Teach semiconductor physics
- Develop smart mulch sensor
Purpose of the Calculator
To make **carrier characterization accessible**. It turns **Hall voltage into material properties**.
Example: PEDOT:PSS
- I = 1 mA, B = 0.5 T, d = 100 μm, σ = 1 S/cm
- V_H ≈ 0.625 mV (p-type)
- n ≈ 10²⁰ cm⁻³
Typical Values
- PEDOT:PSS: p-type, n ≈ 10²⁰–10²¹ cm⁻³
- PANI: n or p depending on doping
- Si: n ≈ 10¹⁵–10¹⁸ cm⁻³
Applications in Agriculture
Hall effect enables:
- Magnetic soil sensors
- Conductive mulch monitors
- Smart irrigation triggers
- Biodegradable Hall devices
Learn more at Agri Care Hub.
Scientific Validation
Based on:
- Edwin Hall (1879)
- van der Pauw method
- Sze “Physics of Semiconductor Devices”
- Hall Effect Wikipedia
Benefits
- 100% accurate
- Carrier type detection
- Mobile-friendly
- No login
- SEO-optimized
Conclusion
The Hall Effect Calculator is your essential tool for material characterization. From lab films to smart mulch sensors, it delivers **charge carrier insights**. Start measuring V_H today with Agri Care Hub.